The operations of this useful laboratory instrument is based on the familiar. For inductors where is the reactance of the inductor, is the. The inlet diameter equals d 26 mm and the throat diameter d 16 mm. So, electronic type of threephase energy meter is explained below with its working principle. Abt meters electrical substation analog to digital converter. Circuit diagram, working principle and its applications. The article describes q factor, methods of measuring q factor, inductance and capacity using a q meter and the design of an experimental q meter unit. Basic qmeter circuit the basic operation based on the wellknown characteristics of series resonant circuits.
It was developed at boonton radio corporation in boonton, new jersey in 1934 by william d. Jul 25, 2018 energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. Special committees that follow and monitor the level of noise and its influence have been created in every country. A widerange oscillator with frequency range from 50 khz to 50 mhz is used as a power supply. A parallel measurement is used on the q meter see figure 2. Coriolis mass flow meter working principle coriolis. Every device has a resistance, it may be large or small and it increases with temperature for conductors, however for. Resistance in the electrical sense means the opposition offered by a substance to the current flow in the device. Digital multimeter working principle analyse a meter. The meter which is used for measuring the energy utilises by the electric load is known as the energy meter. Some versions of the lcr meter use a bridge circuit format as the basis of its circuit giving the name that is often used.
Coriolis mass flow meter working principle mass flow meters are the types of flow meters which are mainly employed in massrelated processes such as chemical reactions, heat transfer, etc. Jul 02, 2018 working principle and construction of q meter video lecture of measurement of capacitance chapter in subject electronic instrumentation and measurement for electrical, electronics, extc. Coil v l vc v x l xc r vc vl i ir v ixl at resonance. Working principle of ph sensor electrode and ph meter used in quality control and manufacturing area. A q meter is a piece of equipment used in the testing of radio frequency circuits. Block diagram and working principles of rlc bridge. Two disadvantages of glass electrodes are that measuring solutions can damage the glass membrane and that the glass membrane is easily broken. If a fixed voltage is applied to the circuit, a voltmeter across the capacitor can be calibrated to read. A control valve may be added if flow control is also desired.
If you cannot read the numbers in the above image, reload the page to generate a new one. Applications of maxwells thermodynamical relations part 2. It consists of flat circular plate which has a circular hole, in concentric with the pipe. Digital tachometers are more common these days and they provide numerical readings instead of dials and needles. Jun 30, 2018 working principle and construction of energy meter video lecture of measurement of capacitance chapter in subject electronic instrumentation and measurement for electrical, electronics, extc. The general equation for mass flow rate measurement used by iso5167 standard is. A uniformly tapered flow tube, a float, and a measurement scale.
A digital tachometer is a digital device that measures and indicates the speed of a rotating object. Also explain the factors that cause errors during a q factor measurement. This also work on the same principle as that of venturimeter. The qmeter operates on the principle of series resonance i. Qmeter is an instrument designed for measuring quality factor q of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radiofrequency.
A digital tachometer circuit comprises lcd or led readout and a memory for storage. Q meter l r signal v v generator multiply q by circuit c q meter tuning capacitor example. The instrument which measures the storage factor or quality factor of the electrical circuit at radio frequencies, such type of device is known as the qmeter. The electronic energy meter is also better protected against tampering than its mechanical predecessor, and units for prepaid operation e. The flow q is equal to the crosssectional area of the pipe a in a volumetric flow meter, and the velocity of the flowing fluid v. Energy meters are the basic part to measure the power consumption. It measures the differentialpressure drop across a constriction in the flows path to infer the flow velocity. The principle of this meter mainly depends on series resonance because the voltage drop is q times than the applied voltage across the capacitor otherwise coil. A ph meter is used to determine the acidity or alkalinity of the solution. Working principle and construction of energy meter video lecture of measurement of capacitance chapter in subject electronic instrumentation.
The pressure along the meter is obtained using the 11 pressure taps at the locations shown on the diagram. The ohmmeter is an instrument which measures resistance of a quantity. By using q value, the overall efficiency can be evaluated for the capacitors as well as coils used in rf applications. The mass flow can be expressed in a mass flow meter as follows. Circuit diagram volt meter 1 shows the source voltagee volt meter 2 shows voltage across variable capacitor inductor and resister. Ultrasonic flowmeters are classified into three categories based on the working principle. Electrical energy meters principles and applications. It is used in domestic and industrial ac circuit for measuring the power consumption. This expression applies to an rf and microwave filter, bandpass lc filter, or any resonator. The meter is provided with a field to which entries can be made for this purpose ct or vt factor. Every device has a resistance, it may be large or small and it increases with temperature for conductors, however for semiconducting devices the reverse is true. Common types of differentialpressure flow meters are the orifice, the pitot tube, and the venturi tube. After calibrating voltage, the meter can be calibrated in terms of ohms. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and.
The lcr meter or lcr bridge takes its name from the fact that the inductance, capacitance and resistance are denoted by the letters l, c, and r respectively. It has been largely replaced in professional laboratories by other types of impedance measuring device, though it is still in use among radio amateurs. The q meter working principle is based on series resonance. Jun 15, 2018 the ohmmeter is an instrument which measures resistance of a quantity. Apr 01, 2020 q meter is an instrument designed for measuring quality factor q of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radiofrequency. The energy is the total power consumed and utilised by the load at a particular interval of time. Ohmmeter working principle of ohmmeter electrical4u. The q meter uses in a laboratory for testing the radio frequency of the coils. Jan 16, 2018 flow meters measure either volume or mass.
To measure q factor, q meters make use of this principle. Terminals are also provided to add capacitance cx, if required. Hp references in this manual this manual may contain refere. The principle of working of static abt meter is sampling. Working principle of a q meter, electrical engineering. Terminals are provided to connect the inductance lx to be measured and this is resonated by a variable tuning capacitor c. What is the working principle of a ph meter answers. Principle of working of abt meter the energy is recorded in terms of pulses per kwh. A q meter works on the principle of series resonance.
This variable area principle consists of three basic elements. It is a cheaper device as compared to venturimeter. Alternatives to the glass electrode are available but are seldom used as they have other drawbacks, e. It also can be applied to an inductor or capacitor at a chosen frequency. Introduction for many years, the q meter has been an essential piece of equipment for laboratories engaged in the testing of radio frequency circuits. Differentialpressure flow meter this meter operates based on bernoullis principle. Q meter is an instrument designed for measuring quality factor q of a coil as well as for the measurement of inductance, capacitance, and resistance of an electric circuit at radiofrequency. Introduction to digital tachometer circuit working with. A rotating object may be a bike tire, a car tire or a ceiling fan, or any other motor, and so on.
In simplest form, the pitot tube consists of a glass tube, bent at right. The water flow rate can be adjusted using the valves on the hydraulics bench. This device is available in a purely electronic form too which is known as digital wattmeter. An induc tor is connected to the q meter coil terminals and resonated at the mea surement frequency, the q and tuning. Digital tachometer circuit using 8051 this circuit uses various components, such as a microcontroller, phototransistors, opamps, seven segments led display, and other miscellaneous components. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of q factor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. If the velocity at any point decreases, the pressure at that point increases due to the conservation of the kinetic energy into pressure energy. Common types of differentialpressure flow meters are the orifice, the. Working principle and construction of q meter video lecture of measurement of. The q meter measures the quality factor of the circuit which shows the total energy dissipated by it. Typically a welldesigned meter with a parallelsided throat has a value of about 0. This meter is able to perform current, voltage and power measurements in three phase supply systems. As shown in the block diagram, in a typical digital multimeter the input signal i.
Coriolis mass flow meter working principle coriolis flowmeter. The dynamometer wattmeter works on the motor principle. The frequen cy, f, and tuning capacitance, c1, are read and inserted in the following for. The tuned circuit is excited from a tunable signal source. A mas s flow meter operating on the corioli s principle c ontain s a v ibra ting tube i n which a fluid flow caus es changes i n frequen c y, phase s hift or am plitude. A q meter measures the quality factor of a circuit, q, which expresses how much energy is dissipated per cycle in a nonideal reactive circuit. As shown in the above figure, the wattmeter has two sets of coils. Q meter qmeter is an instrument designed to measure the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance, and resistance at rf. Q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency. A directreading instrument which measures the q of an electric circuit at radio frequencies by determining the ratio of inductance to resistance, and. Fixed restriction variable head type flow meters using different sensors like orifice plate, venturi. It also explains the properties of the coil and capacitor.
The traditional form of wattmeter is called as dynamometer wattmeter. The voltage and current singles are received from pt and ct respectively. The qmeter is an instrument designed for the measurement of qfactor of the coil as well as for the measurement of electrical properties of coils and capacitors. Here we discuss the construction and working principle of induction type energy meter. Abt meters electrical substation analog to digital. Technical note 12, differential pressure mass flow meter, rev. Q meter working principle and construction electronic. Directreading instruments for this measurement are. In all these processes, accurate measurement of flow is the prerequisite. Q meter circuit diagram working principle impedance. Jul 11, 2017 the q meter working principle is based on series resonance.
Introduction to digital tachometer circuit working with 8051. The working principle construction, calibration etc. When connected to loads, they consume less power and start measuring instantaneous. Sound level meter sound level meter in a working process excessive noise at the enterprises and the environment may have very grave results and influence the health of the workers hearing loss. The samples of these signal at a particular instant are collected by sample and hold circuit. May 12, 2014 q meter is design for measuring the q factor of a coil and for measuring inductance, capacitance and resistance of an electric circuit at radio frequency.
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